Reviewed and fact checked by Bruce Whittle, DVM
While Dachshunds are a relatively healthy breed, they do have some health concerns that are common. Their short legs, long backs and floppy ears predispose them to some health issues. Fortunately, most of their health problems can be treated if recognized early.
Intervertebral Disc Disease
Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), also known as a ruptured disc, is relatively common in Dachshunds due to their long back and neck. Dachshunds have thirty vertebrae, the same number of vertebrae, excluding those in the tail, as other dog breeds. However, their back is longer in relation to their size compared to other dog breeds. IVDD affects nearly one quarter of Dachshunds during their lifetime. The lower back (lumbar) vertebrae are most commonly affected but many dogs rupture discs in their neck instead. Affected dogs usually have chondrodystrophy, a genetic condition that causes premature aging and hardening of the cushioning discs between the vertebrae. There is a test for this genetic mutation that can be used to determine if an individual dog has increased risk. Dogs usually rupture a disc after jumping or falling. Affected dogs may be unable to walk or wag their tail or may guard their back in a humped-up posture. Less severe cases can be treated with rest and physical therapy but many cases require surgery to remove disc material that has prolapsed into the spinal canal and is pressing on the spinal cord. Since obesity is a very important risk factor, owners can help protect their dogs from this debilitating disease by keeping their companion lean and fit.
Patellar Luxation
Patellar luxation is also common in Dachshunds due to their short legs and somewhat bow-legged stance. Because of this the muscle-tendon unit, of which the patella is a part of, is not in line with the long axis of the hind leg so the forces on the patella are slightly offset. When the groove that the patella normally rides in is shallower than normal, this is a recipe for the patella slipping out of the groove, usually toward the inside of the leg. Your veterinarian may find a luxating patella on a routine examination or you might notice sudden limping on a back leg. This may be temporary as the patella can slip back into its normal position. Treatment may consist of pain medication, temporary physical restriction and physical therapy or it may require surgery in more severe cases. Surgery may consist of deepening the groove the patella slides in, repositioning ligaments or tightening the joint capsule. Fortunately, patellar luxation is a condition that can be managed since Dachshunds are not as athletic as many other breeds are.
Obesity
Obesity is common in Dachshunds. Dachshunds often have issues such as patellar luxation or intervertebral disc disease that prevent them from getting adequate exercise. Combined with their tendency to be “couch potatoes”, excessive weight gain occurs. Many dog owners fail to realize just how many calories they are providing their dog when they give numerous treats during the day. A lower calorie dog food can be used that will let the dog feel full while decreasing weight gain. Adequate exercise is also important. Proper weight management is one of the most caring things a Dachshund owner can do for their companion.
Dental Disease
Dental disease is another very common general condition seen in Dachshunds. Dachshunds have a dolichocephalic head shape which means they have elongated jaws. They seem to be predisposed to periodontal disease which causes loss of attachment of the tooth to the surrounding bone. One of the biggest problem areas in a Dachshund’s mouth is on the side of the upper canine teeth next to the roof of the mouth. There is a very thin layer of bone between these teeth and the nasal cavity. Bone loss in this area due to periodontal disease can cause a hole between the mouth and nose even with the tooth in place. If the bone loss is caught before a hole develops, a bone graft procedure may be used to save the tooth. Dachshunds benefit from anesthetized professional dental cleanings with thorough oral examinations and radiographs so disease can be treated before it becomes so severe that extraction of teeth is necessary. Dachshund owners that are proactive about dental care by brushing teeth or using dental wipes and giving daily Veterinary Oral Health Council approved treats will have a dog with a healthier mouth and fresher breath.
Ear Infections
Ear infections are also relatively common in Dachshunds because their large, floppy ears can hold moisture in their ear canals making them a prime environment for the growth of bacteria and yeasts. Drying out the ear canals after a bath is important. Some of the first signs of an ear infection are rubbing or scratching at one or both ears or shaking the head. It is important to consult with your veterinarian before trying over-the-counter ear medications because some of them can cause irritation.
Eye Problems
Eye problems are also frequently seen in Dachshunds. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is an inherited eye condition that causes gradual loss of vision. Affected dogs may run into stationary objects, especially in dim lighting conditions. There is no treatment for Progressive Retinal Atrophy but dogs often adapt very well to blindness as long as their surroundings are not changed. Dachshunds may also commonly develop cataracts. Surgery for cataracts is possible and does not require the implantation of lenses as with cataract surgery in people.
Summary
Dachshunds are iconic dogs known for their short legs and long backs and are generally healthy. They do have some common health concerns but many of the conditions can be successfully managed if diagnosed early. Avoiding obesity is very important for avoiding some of the conditions. Dental care, careful attention to diet and exercise and routine general check-ups by a veterinarian to detect problems early will help Dachshunds lead healthier, happier lives.
